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《Mission Timeline/任务时间线》
Launch/发射

Launch: January 19,2006
发射时间：2006年1月19日
Launch Vehicle:Atlas V 551 first stage; Centaur second stage; STAR 48B solid rocket thirdstage
运载火箭：第一级：“宇宙神”-5 551型；第二级：半人马座；第三级：Star 48B固体火箭发动机
Location: CapeCanaveral Air Force Station, Florida
发射地点：佛罗里达州卡纳维尔角空军基地
Trajectory: To Plutovia Jupiter Gravity Assist
运行轨道：借助木星引力加速至冥王星
The Voyage/旅程

Early Cruise: Thefirst 13 months included spacecraft and instrument checkouts, instrumentcalibrations, small trajectory correction maneuvers and rehearsals for theJupiter encounter. New Horizons passed the orbit of Mars on April 7, 2006; italso tracked a small asteroid, later named "APL", in June 2006.
早期巡航：前13个月的任务包括航天器仪器检测，仪器校准，小幅度轨道修正机动和排演与木星的交会。新视野号于2006年4月7日越过火星轨道。探测器也追踪了一颗小行星，这颗小行星于2006年6月被命名为APL（约翰·霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室）。
Jupiter Encounter:Closest approach occurred February 28, 2007. Moving about 51,000 miles per hour(about 23 kilometers per second), New Horizons flew about 3 to 4 times closerto Jupiter than the Cassini spacecraft, coming within 1.4 million miles (2.3 millionkilometers) of the large planet.
与木星交会：最接近时刻在2007年2月28日。探测器的速度高达51000迈/23000公里每秒，掠过木星的距离不超过140英里/230公里是卡西尼号探测器的1/3到1/4。
InterplanetaryCruise: Activities during the approximately 8-year cruise to Pluto includedannual spacecraft and instrument checkouts, trajectory corrections, instrumentcalibrations and Pluto encounter rehearsals.
行星际巡航：在前往冥王星的8年旅程中探测器的人物包括年度检修、轨道校正、仪器校准和交会排演。
During the cruise,New Horizons also crossed the orbits of Saturn (June 8, 2008), Uranus (March18, 2011) and Neptune (August 25, 2014).
在巡航期间，新视野号先后越过了土星（2008年6月8日）、天王星（2011年3月18日）和海王星（2014年8月25日）的轨道。
Pluto System Encounter/与冥王星系的交会


In January 2015, NewHorizons entered the first of several approach phases that will culminate withthe first close-up flyby of the Pluto on July 14, 2015. At closest approach,the spacecraft comes about 7,750 miles (12,500 kilometers) from Pluto system andabout 17,900 miles (28,800 kilometers) from Charon.
在2015年1月，新视野号进入第一个接近阶段，在2015年7月14日对冥王星第一次近距离飞掠。在最接近的时刻，探测器距离冥王星7750英里/12500公里，距离卡戎17900英里/28000公里。

【New Horizons observations of the Pluto system areplanned well in advance, with each instrument programmed to perform specificfunctions as the spacecraft speeds toward, past and beyond Pluto and its moons.Here’s a look at the playbook the team will follow for using the Long RangeReconnaissance Imager (LORRI) and Multispectral Visible Imaging Camera (MVIC)component of the Ralph instrument on approach to Pluto. (Note that the book issubject to updates and revisions.)】
【新视野号对冥王星的观测已经提前安排好了。在探测器飞掠冥王星和它的卫星们的过程中，每台仪器各司其职。团队将会使用远距离探测成像仪(LORRI)和Ralph仪器中的多光谱可见光成像仪(MVIC)组件对冥王星进行观测。（注意，这一计划在不断更新和修订中）】

Guidanceand Control/导航与控制
New Horizons must beoriented precisely to collect data with its scientific instruments, communicatewith Earth, or maneuver through space.
新视野号必须准确定向地使用它的科学仪器收集资料、与地球通讯、抑或在太空机动。
Attitudedetermination – knowing which direction New Horizons is facing – is performedusing star-tracking cameras, Inertial Measurement Units (containingsophisticated gyroscopes and accelerometers that measure rotation andhorizontal/vertical motion), and digital Sun sensors. Attitude control for thespacecraft – whether in a steady, three-axis pointing mode or in aspin-stabilized mode – is accomplished using thrusters.
姿态确定——即知道新视野号的空间指向——通过恒星跟踪摄像机、惯性导航单元(IMU)和数字太阳敏感器来操作。惯性导航单元包含能测量转动和水平/竖直平动的复杂陀螺仪和加速度计。对航天器的姿态控制——不论三轴定向模式还是自旋稳定模式——使用推进器实现。
The IMUs and startrackers provide constant positional information to the spacecraft’s Guidanceand Control processor, which like the Command and Data Handling processor is a12-MHz Mongoose V. New Horizons carries two copies of each of these units for redundancy.The star-tracking cameras store a map of about 3,000 stars; 10 times per secondone of the cameras snaps a wide-angle picture of space, compares the locationsof the stars to its onboard map, and calculates the spacecraft’s orientation.The IMU feeds motion information 100 times a second. If data shows New Horizonsis outside a predetermined position, small hydrazine thrusters will fire tore-orient the spacecraft. The Sun sensors back up the star trackers; they wouldfind and point New Horizons toward the Sun (with Earth nearby) if the othersensors couldn’t find home in an emergency.
IMU和星敏感器提供恒定的位置信息给探测器的导航与控制处理器，命令和数据处理器是一块12MHz猫鼬-V处理器承担的。新视野号携带了两套处理设备以提供冗余。恒星跟踪相机存储着涵盖大约3000颗恒星的星图；一台相机每秒拍摄十张广角相片，将恒星的位置与板载星图比较，并计算探测器的指向。IMU每秒能提供100组运动数据。如果数据显示新视野号误入歧途，小巧的肼推进器会点火以使探测器归位。太阳敏感器为恒星跟踪相机提供备份；如果其他的敏感器在紧急情况下全部失效，太阳敏感器会寻找太阳（地球就在其旁边）并使新视野号指向它
Operators usethrusters to maneuver the spacecraft, which has no internal reaction wheels.Its smaller thrusters are used for fine pointing; thrustersthat are approximately five times more powerful are used during the trajectorycourse maneuvers that guide New Horizons toward its targets. NewHorizons spins – typically at 5 revolutions per minute (RPM) – duringtrajectory-correction maneuvers and long radio contacts with Earth, and whileit “hibernated” during long cruise periods. Operators steady and point thespacecraft during science observations and instrument-system checkouts.
操作人员使用推进器操纵探测器，后者是没有安装反作用飞轮的。小型的推进器被用来精确指向；（用于定向时）推进器的工作能力是使新视野号执行飞向冥王星的弹道航向机动时的五倍。新视野号在轨道修正机动中与遥远的地球联络、或者在漫长的巡航中休眠时，通常以每分钟5转(5rpm)的速度自转。在科学观测和仪器——系统检修时，操作人员对探测器实施稳定/定向操作。

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10年了......

Power/电源
【Flying with anRTG/带着RTG（放射性同位素热电式发电机）旅行】
【How hot is the RTG? Sensors attached to the outsideof the RTG case before launch pegged the case temperature at about 245 C(nearly 475 F). When New Horizons reaches Pluto, engineers estimate thetemperature will have dropped to around 208 C (406 F) – thanks to a combinationof distance from the Sun and fuel decay.】
【一台RTG设备有多热呢？临发射时，贴在RTG箱外表的传感器报告了245℃的数据。当新视野号到达冥王星时，工程师们估计其温度将下降到约208℃，由于远离太阳和燃料衰变的共同作用。】
【The RTG is not hot enough to produce visible light,but it does emit infrared (or thermal) radiation.】
【RTG还没有热到发出可见光的程度；不过红外辐射或者说热辐射还是有的。】
【At launch the fuel produced almost 4,000 watts ofthermal power; of that, New Horizons used about 25 watts of the waste heat towarm the spacecraft. Electrical power output of the RTG was about 245 watts.Some of that electrical power (about 120 watts) is also reused after poweringcomponents to help heat the spacecraft. The rest of the RTG heat and any extraelectrical power are radiated into space.】
【发射时的燃料产生了4千瓦的热功率，其中新视野号使用了25瓦用来保温。RTG的输出功率为245瓦。一部分（120瓦）功率在为电器经手后被重新利用起来维持温度，另外的一部分就辐射耗散到宇宙空间了。】
【Many scientific instruments work better when theyare cold; that’s one reason why they are located on the opposite side of thespacecraft from the RTG. New Horizons also has a heat shield around the base ofthe RTG to avoid a direct line of sight from the instruments to the RTG. Thesedesign features help avoid any interference from the RTG with scientificmeasurements.】
【许多科学仪器在温度较低时工作得更好；这也是它们排布在RTG对侧的原因之一。新视野号在RTG的基部有热屏蔽措施以避免仪器直接“看到”RTG。这些设计特征有助于避免RTG对科学测量的干扰。】
New Horizons'electrical power comes from a single radioisotope thermoelectric generator(RTG). The RTG provides power through the natural radioactive decay ofplutonium dioxide fuel, which creates a huge amount of heat. Unlike fission orfusion nuclear reactions, the RTG simply harnesses the heat produced and turnsit into electricity.
新视野号的电力源自一台放射性同位素热电式发电机（RTG）。RTG通过钚材料的放射性衰变释放功率，同时产生大量的热。不像裂变或聚变反应，RTG只是简单地将产生的热量转化为电能。
The New HorizonsRTG, provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, carries approximately 11kilograms (24 pounds) of plutonium dioxide. Onboard systems manage thespacecraft’s power consumption so it doesn’t exceed the steady output from theRTG, which has decreased by about 3.5 watts per year since launch.
新视野号的RTH由美国能源部提供，携带11千克/24磅的二氧化钚。星务系统控制探测器的功耗使其小于发电机的稳态输出，后者每年大约减少3.5瓦。
Typical of RTG-basedsystems, as on past outer-planet missions, New Horizons does not have a batteryfor storing power.
作为使用RTG电源系统的样板，就像从前的行星际探测一样，新视野号未携带蓄电池。
At the start of themission, the RTG supplied approximately 245 watts (at 30 volts of directcurrent) – the spacecraft’s shunt regulator unit maintains a steady input fromthe RTG and dissipates power the spacecraft cannot use at a given time. By July2015 (when New Horizons flies past Pluto) that supply will have decreased toabout 200 watts at the same voltage, so New Horizons will ease the strain onits limited power source by cycling science instruments during the encounter.
在任务启动之初，RTG输出的功率约为245瓦（30V，直流电）——飞船的并联稳压单元接受来自RTG的稳定输电，同时存储一时半会儿不会使用的电能。到了2015年7月（新视野号掠过冥王星时），输出功率在同样的电压将下降到200瓦，所以新视野号会用这样的办法缓解供电紧张的问题，即在交会期间安排科学仪器轮流工作。
The spacecraft’sfully redundant Power Distribution Unit (PDU) – with 96 connectors and morethan 3,200 wires – efficiently moves power through the spacecraft’s vitalsystems and science instruments.
飞船全部包含冗余的电源分配单元（PDU）——包含96连接器和超过3200条电线——高效地将电力输送到探测器重要的系统和科学仪器中。

楼主辛苦啦~想想史上最清晰的冥王星图即将出现，还有点激动嘞
蓝猫淘气三千问吧常驻------来自 爱贴吧 Windows8.1 客户端

楼楼还更吗

醉啦醉啦♞

看完了，这次的好长

看到谷歌无比伤感

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终于更了

我被'超微蓝猫'给吸引过来了(什么鬼
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