原文：http://blog.worldofwarplanes.com/mechanics/aa-guns-20-smarter-meaner-more-useful/
实在想吐槽一句，我觉得这些日志的作者不像是母语是英语的样子，写得比较不顺滑，比我看过的某些论文还**……

Many players have noted that Update 2.0 brought significant changes to the behavior of AA guns: they became more aggressive, dangerous and now pose a real threat to all aircraft classes. Additionally, we now have high altitude AA cannons that defend the objects from bomber and heavy fighter attacks. Let’s dive into the details on these new mechanics and compare them to the old system we had in World of Warplanes 1.x.
很多球员都发现2.0显著改变了防空炮的行为：防空炮变得更有攻击力、更危险，对所有类型的飞机都构成了真正的威胁。除此以外我们还加入了高空防空加农炮，抵御轰炸机和重战的攻击。下面我们将深入了解新的机制并跟1.x时期作对比。

First of all, the AA guns don’t generate a pseudo-explosion at the target’s location anymore like they used to do in WoWP 1.x. Instead, they truly shoot at them, which means projectiles have travel time and can be avoided altogether with evasive maneuvering.
首先，防空炮不再像1.x那样在目标位置制造一个“假爆炸”，而是真正向目标射击。因此弹药有飞行时间，可以通过规避机动进行规避。

Secondly, we now have separate light and heavy altitude AA guns. Once a player’s aircraft comes under fire, they can easily assess how much damage they take and see whether their aircraft class is suitable for attacking the specific territory and flying at a specific altitude. The light AA guns mainly attack low- and medium-altitude aircraft and are tuned to be the most effective against them. Heavy AA cannons protect territories against bombers and heavies that fly much higher.
第二，现在我们有独立分开的轻型和重型防空炮。当球员驾驶飞机遭到攻击时，他们可以轻易评估受损程度，以便确定自己的飞机类型是否适合攻击这一领地或在某个高度飞行。轻型防空炮主要攻击低空和中空飞机，对这些飞机攻击效果最好。重型放空加农炮用来抵御飞的更高的轰炸机和重战。

Keep in mind that AA coverage does not directly correspond to the locations of ground objects or circular territory outlines marked on the mini-map. To see the firing zones of all AA guns, you need to switch to the alternative HUD mode by pressing Alt.
记住，防空炮覆盖范围不是直接对应小地图上地面物体的位置或代表领地的圆圈。如果需要看所有防空炮的开火范围，需要按alt键切换至替代HUD界面。

A light AA gun covers a semi-spherical cupola around it. The diameter of this cupola is defined by the battle tier. These are machinegun emplacements with respective tracer fire effects. Their damage can be easily avoided by gaining altitude above their range.
轻型防空炮覆盖周围的一个半球形范围。半球的直径取决于等级。轻型防空炮由机枪组成，开火带有示踪效果。可以通过增加高度、超过它们的射击范围来轻易躲避伤害。

轻型防空炮的有效半径：
一级：540米
二级：675米
三级：788米
四级：1035米
五级：1125米
六级：1170米
七级：1215米
八级：1260米
九级：1305米
十级：1350米

Heavy high-altitude AA guns cover a cylindrical area above them. They have a minimum shooting range that can be used as a safe haven against flak barrage: you simply need to fly lower than the gun’s reach. Alternatively, you can cross the gun’s shooting zone at high speed.
重型高空防空炮的覆盖范围是上方的一个圆柱区域。它们有最小射击范围，可以用来作为躲避弹幕的安全避风港：非常simple，你只需要飞得比最小范围更低。或者，你也可以高速冲过射击区域。

重型防空炮的有效半径/最小/最大射击高度：
一级：810/293/1913米
二级：945/315/2250米
三级：1058/338/2565米
四级：1170/383/2925米
五级：1283/473/3263米
六级：1404/495/3600米
七级：1530/518/3757米
八级：1643/563/4050米
九级：1755/630/4500米
十级：1868/653/4725米

All the AA guns start firing after a short delay. Once a gun detects an enemy, it starts aiming at it. Simultaneously, the player sees a warning on their screen. A couple of seconds later, the gun starts shooting and correcting its fire, gradually increasing accuracy and damage. You can easily tell if an AA gun has started shooting at your aircraft by the flak shell explosions or machinegun tracers. Once the AA gun fully homes in, it will shoot accurately and lead the target, shooting at a point where the target will be considering its flight vector and speed.
所有防空炮会在短暂延迟后开火。发现敌机时，防空炮开始瞄向目标。同时，球员会在屏幕上看到警告。几秒后防空炮开始射击并校正开火，逐渐增加精度和伤害。通过弹壳爆炸或机枪射线很容易判断防空炮是否开始向自己射击。当防空炮完全集中火力时，会跟踪目标精确地射击，根据目标的飞行航向和速度确定射击点。

If there are several targets in the anti-aircraft defense zone, the system will divide them among different guns. If there is only one target, several guns will engage it (normally two or three), but their damage will be scaled down and become more like barrage fire than direct fire.
如果在防空区里有多个目标，系统会根据不同的机枪来划分目标。如果只有一个目标，会有几个机枪接敌（通常两到三个），但是它们的伤害会按比例减少，更像拉弹幕而不是直接开火。

Both machinegun and heavy cannon emplacements shoot salvos (a series of shots for the latter) and then take several seconds to reload. During this time, the system checks whether there are higher priority targets for every gun and can switch to them. The previous version of the AA defense system would continue firing upon the first target it selected until it was either destroyed or left its firing range.
机枪和重型加农炮会进行齐射，然后停数秒钟进行重新装弹。在这期间，系统会为每个机枪检测是否有更优先的目标，并切换到攻击这个新目标。而以前版本的防空系统会继续攻击一开始选择的目标直到将其摧毁或其飞出射击范围。

The salvo length and rate of fire are determined by the battle tier: the higher it is, the longer and more rapidly the guns shoot and the faster they reload. For light AA guns, this scaling is quite significant, for instance, at Tier X the salvo is almost 3 times longer than at Tier I. Heavy AA cannons at high battle tiers shoot only 1.5 times faster and longer, but their danger to aircraft still grows proportionally via the increased explosion radius and damage per shot.
齐射的长度和“起火机率”（射速）取决于战斗等级：等级越高，射击越长越快，重新装弹也越快。轻型防空炮增加的比例更高，比如，十级齐射的速度和长度是一级的3倍，而重型放空加农炮只有1.5倍。但是他们对飞机的伤害仍然是正比增加，通过增加爆炸半径和单发伤害增加伤害。

While light AA guns track targets quite quickly and shoot relatively accurately, the heavy cannon fire can be quite easily avoided by maneuverable warplanes. For less nimble classes like heavy fighters and bombers, this is less viable but they can still mitigate some portion of the damage by turning or changing speed because the flak explosions have a lesser radius that deals nominal damage and an additional radius where its damage decreases.
轻型防空机枪可以快速追踪目标，射击也相对精确，重型加农炮则比较容易被机动性好的飞机规避。对敏捷性更差的机型如重战和轰炸机，靠机动规避不太可行，但仍然可以通过转向或改变速度减轻一部分伤害，以为高炮爆炸造成正常伤害的半径较小，超过这个半径伤害会降低。