Ancient Persian medical views on the heart and blood in the Sassanid era
(224–637 AD)
The Sassanid Empire in Persia (224–637 AD) ruled one of the most influential eras in world history. They with the Romans and later the Byzantines were two global powers in ancient times. Medicine was well organized in the official Sassanid system. Hospitals, medical centers, and universities were developed throughout Persia during their reign. This study brings to light for the first time the era's medical views on the heart and blood, based on extant Sassanid Pahlavimanuscripts and documents. Although these documents are non-medical texts (because Sassanid medical texts were destroyed in attacks on Iran by neighboring powers, such as Alexander the Macedonian and leaders of the Arab Empire throughout history), some novel theories on the history of cardiology can be foundamong them. Physicians of that time made a preliminary description of pulmonary circulation. They knew about the role of blood circulation in feeding bodily organs. They believed that blood is a factor for spreading infection because of its invisible monsters (divan). Their beliefs can be considered as the first theories on infection due to an external living factor, today known as the microbe. Other Sassanid beliefs and findings about the heart and blood in medicine are described in this review.
萨珊王朝(公元224-637)统治着世界上最有影响力的地区之一。他们与罗马和后来的拜占庭人是当时世界上的两大强权。萨珊王朝的官方系统对药品的管理颇为精细。在该王朝统治时,医院,卫生系统和大学欣欣向荣。该文章基于萨珊巴列维手稿和文件,揭示了萨珊波斯人对血液心脏的理解。即使这些文件不是医疗记录(因为大部分的医疗记录毁于战火,如亚历山大大帝和阿拉伯皇帝的征服),一些记录心脏病史理论的小说可以支持假说。当时的外科医生认为血液供给营养给全身器官。他们认为感染是因为妖魔入侵了血液。他们的观点可以认为是感染的第一个理论,现在被认为是微生物的原因。本文还将描述一些萨珊波斯人的关于血液和心脏的理论和成果。
(224–637 AD)
The Sassanid Empire in Persia (224–637 AD) ruled one of the most influential eras in world history. They with the Romans and later the Byzantines were two global powers in ancient times. Medicine was well organized in the official Sassanid system. Hospitals, medical centers, and universities were developed throughout Persia during their reign. This study brings to light for the first time the era's medical views on the heart and blood, based on extant Sassanid Pahlavimanuscripts and documents. Although these documents are non-medical texts (because Sassanid medical texts were destroyed in attacks on Iran by neighboring powers, such as Alexander the Macedonian and leaders of the Arab Empire throughout history), some novel theories on the history of cardiology can be foundamong them. Physicians of that time made a preliminary description of pulmonary circulation. They knew about the role of blood circulation in feeding bodily organs. They believed that blood is a factor for spreading infection because of its invisible monsters (divan). Their beliefs can be considered as the first theories on infection due to an external living factor, today known as the microbe. Other Sassanid beliefs and findings about the heart and blood in medicine are described in this review.
萨珊王朝(公元224-637)统治着世界上最有影响力的地区之一。他们与罗马和后来的拜占庭人是当时世界上的两大强权。萨珊王朝的官方系统对药品的管理颇为精细。在该王朝统治时,医院,卫生系统和大学欣欣向荣。该文章基于萨珊巴列维手稿和文件,揭示了萨珊波斯人对血液心脏的理解。即使这些文件不是医疗记录(因为大部分的医疗记录毁于战火,如亚历山大大帝和阿拉伯皇帝的征服),一些记录心脏病史理论的小说可以支持假说。当时的外科医生认为血液供给营养给全身器官。他们认为感染是因为妖魔入侵了血液。他们的观点可以认为是感染的第一个理论,现在被认为是微生物的原因。本文还将描述一些萨珊波斯人的关于血液和心脏的理论和成果。