The role of short-chain fatty acids in microbiota-gut-brain communication
短链脂肪酸在微生物 - 肠 - 脑通讯中的作用
摘要：
Short- chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the main metabolites produced by bacterial fermentation of dietary fibre in the gastrointestinal tract, are speculated to have a key role in microbiota-gut-brain crosstalk. However, the pathways through which SCFAs might influence psychological functioning, including affective and cognitive processes and their neural basis, have not been fully elucidated. Furthermore, research directly exploring the role of SCFAs as potential mediators of the effects of microbiota- targeted interventions on affective and cognitive functioning is sparse, especially in humans. This Review summarizes existing knowledge on the potential of SCFAs to directly or indirectly mediate microbiota-gut-brain interactions. The effects of SCFAs on cellular systems and their interaction with gut-brain signalling pathways including immune, endocrine, neural and humoral routes are described.The effects of microbiota- targeted interventions such as prebiotics, probiotics and diet on psychological functioning and the putative mediating role of SCFA signalling will also be discussed, as well as the relationship between SCFAs and psychobiological processes. Finally , future directions to facilitate direct investigation of the effect of SCFAs on psychological functioning are outlined.
短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）是胃肠道中膳食纤维细菌发酵产生的主要代谢产物，据推测其在微生物 - 肠道 - 脑干串扰中具有关键作用。然而，SCFAs可能影响心理功能的途径，包括情感和认知过程及其神经基础，尚未完全阐明。此外，直接探索SCFAs作为微生物靶向干预对情感和认知功能影响的潜在介质的作用的研究很少，特别是在人类中。本综述总结了SCFA直接或间接介导微生物 - 肠 - 脑相互作用的潜力的现有知识。描述了SCFAs对细胞系统的影响及其与肠道 - 大脑信号通路（包括免疫，内分泌，神经和体液途径）的相互作用。益生元靶向干预措施（如益生元，益生菌和饮食）对心理功能的影响以及推定的中介作用还将讨论SCFA信号传导，以及SCFAs与心理生物学过程之间的关系。最后，概述了促进直接调查SCFAs对心理功能影响的未来方向。